Menopause

Overview

Menopause is the time when periods gradually stop and the body’s hormone levels shift, usually around the late 40s to early 50s. It is a natural life stage, but symptoms can still be disruptive and deserve assessment.

What to know

Perimenopause is the transition period before menopause, when oestrogen may fluctuate and periods can become irregular. The final period is called menopause, and the years after can carry ongoing risk for bone and cardiovascular health.

Common blood tests

Blood tests are not always needed to diagnose menopause if age and symptoms fit. If symptoms are unclear, doctors may consider thyroid function, B12, iron studies, or fasting glucose depending on the clinical picture.

Signs to watch for

Hot flushes, night sweats, sleep disruption, vaginal dryness, mood changes, memory issues, low libido, irregular periods, and joint aches are common. Some people also notice weight shifts or reduced muscle mass.

Lifestyle information

Regular strength training, aerobic activity, adequate protein, calcium and vitamin D, sleep hygiene, and stress reduction all support symptom control and long-term health. Exercise is often one of the best treatments for both symptoms and bone health.

When to seek medical advice

Speak with a doctor if menopausal symptoms are affecting sleep, work, mood, or quality of life, or if bleeding is heavy, frequent, or unusual. This is also the time to review cardiovascular and bone-risk factors.

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