Fertility

Overview

Fertility testing looks at whether the reproductive system is functioning as expected and whether there are issues that may make conception harder. It often combines blood tests with a review of menstrual history and sometimes ultrasound or ovulation tracking.

What to know

For people with ovaries, fertility assessment may include ovarian reserve markers, thyroid function, prolactin, and checks for conditions such as PCOS or thyroid disease. In males, semen analysis and testosterone-related tests may be relevant alongside general health checks.

Common blood tests

Common tests include FSH, LH, AMH, estradiol, thyroid-stimulating hormone, prolactin, and sometimes vitamin D or glucose depending on the clinical picture.

Signs to watch for

Irregular cycles, no ovulation, repeated miscarriages, or a history of pelvic pain can all prompt investigation. For men, low libido, testicular discomfort, or a history of fertility issues may lead to evaluation.

Lifestyle information

Regular exercise, avoiding smoking, limiting excess alcohol, maintaining a healthy weight, and managing stress can improve fertility for some people. It is also worth checking whether any medications or underlying health conditions could be affecting conception.

When to seek medical advice

See a doctor if you've been trying to conceive for a year or longer, or sooner if you have very irregular periods, severe pelvic pain, or known reproductive conditions. A fertility assessment is often more helpful when started early rather than after long delays.

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