Cholesterol

Overview

Cholesterol is a type of fat that the body needs for cells and hormones, but too much LDL cholesterol can contribute to fatty buildup in the arteries. The overall pattern of lipids matters more than any single number.

What the numbers mean

Total cholesterol includes both LDL and HDL, while triglycerides mainly reflect how much fat is circulating. LDL is often called 'bad' cholesterol because high levels add to arterial plaque; HDL is the 'good' fraction that helps remove excess cholesterol.

Risk factors

A diet high in saturated or trans fats, smoking, inactivity, excess weight, older age, family history, diabetes, and some inherited lipid disorders can all raise cardiovascular risk.

Common blood tests

A lipid panel typically measures total cholesterol, LDL, HDL, and triglycerides. Sometimes non-HDL cholesterol or apolipoprotein B is added to give more information about the actual particle burden.

Lifestyle information

Dietary changes such as reducing saturated fat, increasing fibre, eating more unsaturated fats, keeping active, stopping smoking, and keeping weight in check can all support better cholesterol values. Some people also need medication if their risk is high.

When to seek medical advice

Get checked if you have a family history of early heart disease or if you have other risk factors such as high blood pressure, diabetes, or a high body mass index. Cholesterol often causes no symptoms, so screening matters even when you feel well.

Sources