Health Conditions
Thyroid Disorders
Umbrella term for over- and under-active thyroid.
Overview
The thyroid gland produces hormones that regulate metabolism. Thyroid disorders occur when it produces too much hormone (hyperthyroidism) or too little (hypothyroidism), affecting energy, weight, heart rate, and more.
Symptoms
Vary by direction — see Hyperthyroidism and Hypothyroidism below for specifics. Both can cause fatigue and changes in weight, heart rate, and mood, but often in opposite directions.
Risk Factors
Family history of thyroid or autoimmune disease, being female, older age, pregnancy or recent childbirth, and certain medications or iodine intake levels.
Common Blood Tests
Thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) is the main screening test, often alongside free T4 and sometimes free T3, plus thyroid antibodies if an autoimmune cause is suspected.
Lifestyle Information
Lifestyle changes don't replace medical treatment for thyroid disorders, but a balanced diet with adequate iodine (without excessive supplementation) supports normal thyroid function.
When to seek medical advice
See a doctor for persistent fatigue, unexplained weight change, heart rate changes, or a noticeable swelling in the neck.