Hypothyroidism

Overview

Hypothyroidism means the thyroid gland is underactive, producing too little thyroid hormone. This slows the body's metabolism and is usually very manageable with treatment once diagnosed.

Symptoms

Fatigue, weight gain, cold intolerance, dry skin, hair thinning, constipation, low mood, muscle aches, and slowed thinking.

Risk Factors

Autoimmune thyroiditis (Hashimoto's disease) is the most common cause; family history, being female, older age, and previous thyroid surgery or radiation also raise risk.

Common Blood Tests

Elevated TSH with low free T4 confirms hypothyroidism; thyroid antibodies help confirm an autoimmune cause.

Lifestyle Information

Levothyroxine replacement is the standard treatment; taking it consistently and on an empty stomach improves absorption. Diet doesn't replace treatment, but a balanced diet supports overall energy and wellbeing.

When to seek medical advice

See a doctor for persistent fatigue, weight gain, or cold intolerance, and attend regular monitoring once diagnosed, since dose needs can change over time.

Sources