Haemochromatosis

Overview

Haemochromatosis is an inherited condition causing the body to absorb too much iron from food, leading to iron build-up in organs like the liver, heart, and pancreas over time if untreated.

Symptoms

Early on, often none. Later symptoms can include fatigue, joint pain, abdominal pain, loss of libido, and skin darkening ("bronzing"). Left untreated, it can lead to liver damage, diabetes, and heart problems.

Risk Factors

Inheriting the relevant gene variants (most commonly in people of Northern European ancestry) is the main risk factor; a family history of haemochromatosis is an important flag for testing.

Common Blood Tests

Ferritin and transferrin saturation are used for initial screening; genetic testing confirms the diagnosis.

Lifestyle Information

Regular blood removal (venesection) is the standard treatment; avoiding iron and vitamin C supplements, and limiting alcohol, can help reduce the burden on the liver.

When to seek medical advice

See a doctor if you have a family history of haemochromatosis or unexplained fatigue and joint pain — early diagnosis, before organ damage occurs, makes a significant difference.

Sources