Gout

Overview

Gout is a form of inflammatory arthritis caused by a build-up of uric acid crystals in the joints, most classically affecting the big toe. It causes sudden, severe episodes of pain and swelling.

Symptoms

Sudden, intense joint pain (often overnight), swelling, redness, warmth, and tenderness — commonly in the big toe, but also ankles, knees, and other joints.

Risk Factors

Diet high in red meat, seafood, and alcohol (especially beer), obesity, certain medications (like diuretics), kidney disease, and family history.

Common Blood Tests

Serum uric acid level is used to assess risk and guide treatment, though levels can be normal during an acute flare.

Lifestyle Information

Limiting alcohol (particularly beer), reducing intake of red meat and certain seafood, staying well hydrated, and maintaining a healthy weight can help reduce flare frequency alongside medication.

When to seek medical advice

See a doctor for sudden, severe joint pain and swelling, especially if it's a first episode, to confirm the diagnosis and start appropriate treatment.

Sources