Coeliac Disease

Overview

Coeliac disease is an autoimmune condition where eating gluten triggers an immune response that damages the small intestine's lining, impairing nutrient absorption. It requires strict, lifelong avoidance of gluten.

Symptoms

Digestive symptoms (bloating, diarrhoea, constipation, abdominal pain) are common, but coeliac disease can also present with fatigue, anaemia, unexplained weight loss, skin rashes, and, in children, slowed growth.

Risk Factors

Family history of coeliac disease, having type 1 diabetes or other autoimmune conditions, and certain genetic markers all raise risk.

Common Blood Tests

Tissue transglutaminase antibody (tTG-IgA) is the main screening test, usually done while still eating gluten — going gluten-free before testing can produce a false negative.

Lifestyle Information

The only effective treatment is a strict, lifelong gluten-free diet. Many naturally gluten-free foods (fruits, vegetables, meat, dairy, rice, potatoes) form the basis of a balanced diet.

When to seek medical advice

See a doctor before starting a gluten-free diet if coeliac disease is suspected, since testing requires gluten still being in the diet — and see a doctor for persistent digestive symptoms, unexplained anaemia, or a family history of coeliac disease.

Sources